Chamomile

At a Glance

Common name

Chamomile

Scientific name

Matricaria chamomilla

Family

Asteraceae

Region

Europe

Plant part

Flower heads

Caffeine

Caffeine Free

Evidence

Moderate

Safety review

Safety information on file

Botanical Description

An annual herb reaching 20–50 cm, with feathery bipinnate leaves and daisy-like flower heads bearing white ray florets around a conical yellow disk. It emits a sweet, apple-like fragrance.

Also known as: German chamomile, Wild chamomile, Matricaria recutita

Historical Background

Chamomile has been used for thousands of years. The ancient Egyptians revered it and dedicated it to the sun. Greek physicians such as Hippocrates and later Galen documented its use. The name derives from the Greek 'khamaimēlon', meaning 'earth apple', reflecting its scent.

Earliest recorded uses: Ancient Egyptian papyri and Greek medical texts describe chamomile for soothing and calming purposes.

Cultural significance: In European folk tradition chamomile was associated with restful calm and was a staple of cottage gardens. It was sometimes called the 'plants' physician' due to a folk belief that it revived ailing neighboring plants.

1. Ancient Egypt

   Chamomile flowers used and offered to the sun god Ra.

2. Ancient Greece

   Hippocrates and later Galen record medicinal uses.

3. Middle Ages

   A common monastic garden herb across Europe.

4. 19th century

   Widely cultivated and popularized as a gentle household tea.

Traditional Uses

These uses document historical traditions and do not imply proven effectiveness.

Flavor & Aroma

Aroma: Sweet, apple-like, with soft hay and honey notes.

Tea Preparation

Modern Evidence

Several controlled trials have explored chamomile for sleep and relaxation, with modest and inconsistent effects. Evidence is promising but not conclusive. More large, well-designed studies are needed.

Evidence levels describe the state of research for the traditional use discussed here, not a recommendation. Historical use does not imply effectiveness.