Yaupon Holly

Identity

Common Name

Yaupon Holly

Scientific Name

Ilex vomitoria

Botanical Family

Aquifoliaceae

Native Region

Southeastern United States

Cultivation Regions

Southeastern United States

Plant Parts Used

Leaves (roasted)

Synonyms

Cassina, Black Drink, Appalachian Tea

Caffeine Level

Caffeinated (low-moderate)

An evergreen shrub or small tree with glossy serrated oval dark green leaves and small white four-petalled flowers; the roasted leaves are used.

Historical Background

Yaupon holly is North America's only native caffeinated plant, brewed for at least a millennium as the 'black drink' by Indigenous peoples of the Southeast for ceremony, sociability, and daily vitality. Its roasted leaves were nearly forgotten after colonization but are now being revived as a native tea.

Earliest recorded uses: Indigenous North American traditions for at least 1,000 years; a caffeinated ceremonial 'black drink' of the Southeast.

Traditional Uses

These uses document historical traditions and do not imply proven effectiveness.

Flavor & Aroma

Aroma: Earthy, lightly sweet, tea-like

Tea Information

Research Summary

Yaupon holly is a traditional Indigenous caffeinated tea; its leaves contain caffeine and theobromine like its cousin yerba mate. Clinical evidence is limited; it is not a treatment for fatigue, obesity, or any disease, though it remains a valued native caffeine source.

Evidence levels reflect the currently available scientific literature and may change as new research emerges. Where evidence is limited or conflicting, this is stated plainly.

References & Sources