Yaupon Holly

At a Glance

Common name

Yaupon Holly

Scientific name

Ilex vomitoria

Family

Aquifoliaceae

Region

North America

Plant part

Leaves (roasted)

Caffeine

Caffeinated (low-moderate)

Evidence

Limited

Safety review

Safety information on file

Botanical Description

An evergreen shrub or small tree with glossy serrated oval dark green leaves and small white four-petalled flowers; the roasted leaves are used.

Also known as: Cassina, Black Drink, Appalachian Tea

Historical Background

Yaupon holly is North America's only native caffeinated plant, brewed for at least a millennium as the 'black drink' by Indigenous peoples of the Southeast for ceremony, sociability, and daily vitality. Its roasted leaves were nearly forgotten after colonization but are now being revived as a native tea.

Earliest recorded uses: Indigenous North American traditions for at least 1,000 years; a caffeinated ceremonial 'black drink' of the Southeast.

Traditional Uses

These uses document historical traditions and do not imply proven effectiveness.

Flavor & Aroma

Aroma: Earthy, lightly sweet, tea-like

Tea Preparation

Modern Evidence

Yaupon holly is a traditional Indigenous caffeinated tea; its leaves contain caffeine and theobromine like its cousin yerba mate. Clinical evidence is limited; it is not a treatment for fatigue, obesity, or any disease, though it remains a valued native caffeine source.

Evidence levels describe the state of research for the traditional use discussed here, not a recommendation. Historical use does not imply effectiveness.