Valerian

At a Glance

Common name

Valerian

Scientific name

Valeriana officinalis

Family

Caprifoliaceae

Region

Europe

Plant part

Root (rhizome and roots)

Caffeine

Caffeine Free

Evidence

Moderate

Safety review

Safety information on file

Botanical Description

A tall perennial 1–1.5 m with pinnate leaves, clusters of small fragrant pale pink-white flowers, and a strong-smelling fibrous root that cats famously love. The root is the medicinal part.

Also known as: Garden Valerian, All-Heal

Historical Background

Valerian has been Europe's principal sleep and nervine herb since antiquity — used by Greeks and Romans and prescribed for centuries for anxiety, restlessness, and insomnia. In the 20th century it became one of the most-studied herbal sedatives and remains a pharmacy staple in Europe.

Earliest recorded uses: Dioscorides and Galen; widely used in European monastic and folk medicine for nervous unrest.

Cultural significance: Valerian's pungent root — which attracts cats — was an 'all-heal' of European gardens, and its modern reputation as 'nature's valium' reflects centuries of use for sleep, though it is not a benzodiazepine and works differently.

Traditional Uses

These uses document historical traditions and do not imply proven effectiveness.

Flavor & Aroma

Aroma: Strong, musky, valerian-like (some find unpleasant)

Tea Preparation

Modern Evidence

Valerian is among the better-studied sleep herbs; several trials suggest modest improvement in sleep quality and reduced time to fall asleep, though results vary and effects are small. It is not a treatment for chronic insomnia or anxiety disorders, and should not replace prescribed therapy.

Evidence levels describe the state of research for the traditional use discussed here, not a recommendation. Historical use does not imply effectiveness.