Damask Rose

At a Glance

Common name

Damask Rose

Scientific name

Rosa × damascena

Family

Rosaceae

Region

Middle East

Plant part

Petals, Rosehips (of related species)

Caffeine

Caffeine Free

Evidence

Limited

Safety review

Safety information on file

Botanical Description

A deciduous shrub 1–2 m tall with arching thorny stems, pinnate serrated leaflets, and dense, fragrant pink flowers of many layered petals. The petals and their distilled oil (rose water, attar) are the medicinal and aromatic parts.

Also known as: Damascus Rose, Oil Rose

Historical Background

The damask rose has been cultivated for fragrance, medicine, and ritual from Persia to the Mediterranean for over 2,000 years. Rose water reached Europe via the Crusades and Arab medicine, and roses became enduring symbols of beauty, the heart, and devotion across cultures.

Earliest recorded uses: Persian and Arab physicians (Avicenna) refined rose distillation; used for skin, mood, and the heart in Greco-Arabic medicine.

Cultural significance: The rose is perhaps the most culturally loaded flower in human history — symbol of love and the heart in Persian, Arab, European, and South Asian traditions, and the source of attar of roses, once worth more than gold by weight.

Traditional Uses

These uses document historical traditions and do not imply proven effectiveness.

Flavor & Aroma

Aroma: Deep, sweet, classic rose

Tea Preparation

Modern Evidence

Rose has limited clinical research; its uses rest largely on tradition for relaxation, skin comfort, and menstrual support. Some small studies of rose aromatherapy suggest modest mood effects. It is best understood as a soothing aromatic rather than a treatment for any condition.

Evidence levels describe the state of research for the traditional use discussed here, not a recommendation. Historical use does not imply effectiveness.