Damask Rose

Identity

Common Name

Damask Rose

Scientific Name

Rosa × damascena

Botanical Family

Rosaceae

Native Region

Middle East and central Asia

Cultivation Regions

Middle East, Bulgaria, Iran, Turkey, Mediterranean

Plant Parts Used

Petals, Rosehips (of related species)

Synonyms

Damascus Rose, Oil Rose

Caffeine Level

Caffeine Free

A deciduous shrub 1–2 m tall with arching thorny stems, pinnate serrated leaflets, and dense, fragrant pink flowers of many layered petals. The petals and their distilled oil (rose water, attar) are the medicinal and aromatic parts.

Historical Background

The damask rose has been cultivated for fragrance, medicine, and ritual from Persia to the Mediterranean for over 2,000 years. Rose water reached Europe via the Crusades and Arab medicine, and roses became enduring symbols of beauty, the heart, and devotion across cultures.

Earliest recorded uses: Persian and Arab physicians (Avicenna) refined rose distillation; used for skin, mood, and the heart in Greco-Arabic medicine.

Cultural significance: The rose is perhaps the most culturally loaded flower in human history — symbol of love and the heart in Persian, Arab, European, and South Asian traditions, and the source of attar of roses, once worth more than gold by weight.

Traditional Uses

These uses document historical traditions and do not imply proven effectiveness.

Flavor & Aroma

Aroma: Deep, sweet, classic rose

Tea Information

Research Summary

Rose has limited clinical research; its uses rest largely on tradition for relaxation, skin comfort, and menstrual support. Some small studies of rose aromatherapy suggest modest mood effects. It is best understood as a soothing aromatic rather than a treatment for any condition.

Evidence levels reflect the currently available scientific literature and may change as new research emerges. Where evidence is limited or conflicting, this is stated plainly.

References & Sources