Comfrey

At a Glance

Common name

Comfrey

Scientific name

Symphytum officinale

Family

Boraginaceae

Region

Europe

Plant part

Leaves, Root (topical mainly)

Caffeine

Caffeine Free

Evidence

Insufficient

Safety review

Safety information on file

Botanical Description

A large coarse perennial with broad lance-shaped hairy dark green leaves on winged stems and drooping clusters of small tubular bell-shaped flowers that are purple-blue to pinkish-cream; the leaves and roots are the part used.

Also known as: Knit-Bone, Boneset, Bruisewort

Historical Background

Comfrey ('knit-bone') has been a revered European folk wound and skin herb for millennia, its large leaves and roots applied traditionally to bruises and sprains. Internal use is now restricted in many countries due to liver-harming pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), so it is best limited to short-term topical use.

Earliest recorded uses: European folk traditions for millennia; a classic 'knit-bone' wound and skin herb.

Traditional Uses

These uses document historical traditions and do not imply proven effectiveness.

Flavor & Aroma

Aroma: Mild, slightly cucumber-like, green, earthy

Tea Preparation

This herb is not typically prepared as a tea or infusion.

Modern Evidence

Comfrey has a long tradition as a wound and skin herb, but its pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) can cause serious liver injury, so oral/internal use is restricted in many countries. It is not a treatment for wounds, sprains, or any condition; restrict to short-term topical use on intact skin and consult a clinician.

Evidence levels describe the state of research for the traditional use discussed here, not a recommendation. Historical use does not imply effectiveness.