Vaccinium myrtillus
Bilberry
Ericaceae
At a Glance
- Common name
- Bilberry
- Scientific name
- Vaccinium myrtillus
- Family
- Ericaceae
- Region
- Europe
- Plant part
- Berries, Leaves
- Caffeine
- Caffeine Free
- Evidence
- Limited
- Safety review
- Safety information on file
Safety & Cautions
Safety information on fileBotanical Description
A low shrub 15-60 cm tall with small ovate finely toothed green leaves, small pale pink bell-shaped flowers, and round dark blue-black berries with purple flesh; the berries and leaves are used.
Also known as: European Blueberry, Whortleberry, Huckleberry
Historical Background
Bilberry has been a beloved wild fruit of northern European forests for centuries, gathered for jams, pies, and a tart, antioxidant-rich tea. Famous (perhaps apocryphally) for WWII pilots' night vision, its deep purple berries carry the anthocyanin folk tradition for eyes and circulation.
Earliest recorded uses: European folk medicine for centuries; WWII pilots famously ate bilberry jam for night vision (anecdotal).
Traditional preparations:
- Berry infusion/decoction
- Antioxidant tea with rose hips
- Eye & circulation blend
Traditional Uses
These uses document historical traditions and do not imply proven effectiveness.
Traditional European Herbalism
Wild fruit tea for eyes, circulation, and digestion.
Modern Herbalism
Antioxidant and eye-comfort fruit tea.
Flavor & Aroma
Aroma: Fruity, slightly tart, green, earthy
Tea Preparation
Modern Evidence
Bilberry has a tradition for eye and circulatory support, rich in anthocyanins. Clinical evidence is limited and mixed; it is not a treatment for eye disease, retinopathy, varicose veins, or any condition, though it remains a popular antioxidant fruit tea.
Evidence levels describe the state of research for the traditional use discussed here, not a recommendation. Historical use does not imply effectiveness.
Related Herbs
Entry last updated August 4, 2026