Pygeum

At a Glance

Common name

Pygeum

Scientific name

Prunus africana

Family

Rosaceae

Region

Africa

Plant part

Bark

Caffeine

Caffeine Free

Evidence

Limited

Safety review

Safety information on file

Botanical Description

An evergreen tree growing up to 35 m with a dark, fissured, aromatic bark, glossy dark green elliptical leaves, and small cream flowers. The bark is the medicinal part and is harvested in strips; overharvesting has threatened wild populations.

Also known as: African Plum, Red Stinkwood

Historical Background

The bark of Prunus africana has been used in African traditional medicine for urinary and 'chest' complaints. In the 1960s French researchers developed a standardized bark extract for BPH symptoms, and it became a prescription phytomedicine in parts of Europe — a notable case of traditional African knowledge entering modern pharmacognosy.

Earliest recorded uses: African traditional use of the bark for urinary difficulties; standardized extracts introduced in Europe in the 1970s.

Cultural significance: Pygeum illustrates both the value and the cost of translating traditional medicine into commercial products: demand led to severe overharvesting of wild trees, prompting CITES listing to regulate trade and protect the species.

1. Pre-colonial

   African healers use bark for urinary and respiratory complaints.

2. 1970s

   Standardized bark extract marketed in Europe for BPH symptoms.

3. 1995

   CITES Appendix II listing to regulate wild bark trade.

Traditional Uses

These uses document historical traditions and do not imply proven effectiveness.

Flavor & Aroma

Aroma: Woody, slightly smoky

Tea Preparation

Modern Evidence

Pygeum bark extract has been studied for BPH urinary symptoms. A Cochrane review of small, older trials suggested modest improvement in nocturia and peak flow compared with placebo, but the trials were of short duration and low methodological quality, so evidence is limited. It is not a substitute for medical evaluation of prostate conditions.

Evidence levels describe the state of research for the traditional use discussed here, not a recommendation. Historical use does not imply effectiveness.