Mullein

At a Glance

Common name

Mullein

Scientific name

Verbascum thapsus

Family

Scrophulariaceae

Region

Europe

Plant part

Leaves, Flowers

Caffeine

Caffeine Free

Evidence

Limited

Safety review

Safety information on file

Botanical Description

A biennial forming a basal rosette of large, thick, soft grey-green velvety leaves in the first year, and in the second a tall (1–2 m) spike of small yellow flowers. The leaves and flowers are used.

Also known as: Great Mullein, Candlewick, Lungwort

Historical Background

Mullein has been a European respiratory herb since antiquity — used for coughs, asthma, and chest complaints, and as 'candlewick' (the felted leaves and dried stalks). It reached North America with colonists and was widely adopted for cough and ear oils.

Earliest recorded uses: Dioscorides; European folk medicine for chest and skin complaints.

Cultural significance: Mullein's tall flower stalks were dipped in tallow as torches and its felted leaves as lamp wicks and shoe insoles — a plant of the hearth and the chest in equal measure.

Traditional Uses

These uses document historical traditions and do not imply proven effectiveness.

Flavor & Aroma

Aroma: Faint, sweet, herbaceous

Tea Preparation

Modern Evidence

Mullein has a long respiratory tradition but very limited clinical evidence; most support comes from traditional use and in vitro observations. It is not a treatment for asthma, infection, or chronic lung disease.

Evidence levels describe the state of research for the traditional use discussed here, not a recommendation. Historical use does not imply effectiveness.