Hibiscus

Identity

Common Name

Hibiscus

Scientific Name

Hibiscus sabdariffa

Botanical Family

Malvaceae

Native Region

West Africa and tropical Asia

Cultivation Regions

West Africa, Egypt, Mexico, Caribbean, India

Plant Parts Used

Calyces (sepals), Flowers

Synonyms

Roselle, Sorrel, Jamaica Flower

Caffeine Level

Caffeine Free

An annual shrub 1.5–3 m tall with lobed leaves, pale yellow-pink hibiscus flowers, and the characteristic fleshy deep crimson calyces (sepals) that are harvested and dried to make the tart red beverage.

Historical Background

Hibiscus tea (karkadeh, bissap, agua de Jamaica, sorrel drink) has been a ceremonial and everyday beverage across West Africa, Egypt, the Caribbean, and Latin America for centuries, prized for its brilliant ruby color, tart flavor, and cooling reputation.

Earliest recorded uses: Ancient Egyptian and West African use; widespread as karkadeh in Egypt and North Africa.

Cultural significance: Hibiscus is the national drink of many countries — karkadeh in Egypt, bissap in Senegal, sorrel in the Caribbean — a festive, ruby-red symbol of hospitality and celebration.

Traditional Uses

These uses document historical traditions and do not imply proven effectiveness.

Flavor & Aroma

Aroma: Crisp, fruity, cranberry-like

Tea Information

Research Summary

Hibiscus is one of the better-studied beverage herbs. Several small-to-moderate trials suggest modest reductions in blood pressure in adults with mild hypertension, though effects are small and not a substitute for medication. Evidence for cholesterol and metabolic effects is limited and inconsistent. It is not a treatment for hypertension.

Evidence levels reflect the currently available scientific literature and may change as new research emerges. Where evidence is limited or conflicting, this is stated plainly.

References & Sources