Bergamot (Bee Balm)

Identity

Common Name

Bergamot (Bee Balm)

Scientific Name

Monarda didyma

Botanical Family

Lamiaceae

Native Region

North America

Cultivation Regions

North America, Europe (ornamental)

Plant Parts Used

Leaves, Flowers

Synonyms

Oswego Tea, Bee Balm, Scarlet Monarda

Caffeine Level

Caffeine Free

A bushy upright perennial with opposite lance-shaped toothed leaves and a single round spiky head of tubular scarlet-red flowers with bracted whorls; the leaves and flowers are the part used.

Historical Background

Wild bergamot (bee balm, 'Oswego tea') was a beloved herb of Indigenous North American traditions, brewed after the Boston Tea Party as a patriotic substitute for imported tea. Its citrus-mint leaves and scarlet flowers brew a refreshing, Earl-Grey-like cup.

Earliest recorded uses: Indigenous North American traditions for centuries; a refreshing digestive, respiratory, and 'Oswego tea' herb.

Traditional Uses

These uses document historical traditions and do not imply proven effectiveness.

Flavor & Aroma

Aroma: Earl-grey-like, citrus, minty, herbaceous

Tea Information

Research Summary

Bergamot (bee balm) has a tradition for digestion, respiratory, and calming comfort; preclinical work shows antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Clinical evidence is insufficient; it is not a treatment for digestive disorders, cold, or any disease, and the pure essential oil is unsafe internally.

Evidence levels reflect the currently available scientific literature and may change as new research emerges. Where evidence is limited or conflicting, this is stated plainly.

References & Sources