Bergamot (Bee Balm)

At a Glance

Common name

Bergamot (Bee Balm)

Scientific name

Monarda didyma

Family

Lamiaceae

Region

North America

Plant part

Leaves, Flowers

Caffeine

Caffeine Free

Evidence

Insufficient

Safety review

Safety information on file

Botanical Description

A bushy upright perennial with opposite lance-shaped toothed leaves and a single round spiky head of tubular scarlet-red flowers with bracted whorls; the leaves and flowers are the part used.

Also known as: Oswego Tea, Bee Balm, Scarlet Monarda

Historical Background

Wild bergamot (bee balm, 'Oswego tea') was a beloved herb of Indigenous North American traditions, brewed after the Boston Tea Party as a patriotic substitute for imported tea. Its citrus-mint leaves and scarlet flowers brew a refreshing, Earl-Grey-like cup.

Earliest recorded uses: Indigenous North American traditions for centuries; a refreshing digestive, respiratory, and 'Oswego tea' herb.

Traditional Uses

These uses document historical traditions and do not imply proven effectiveness.

Flavor & Aroma

Aroma: Earl-grey-like, citrus, minty, herbaceous

Tea Preparation

Modern Evidence

Bergamot (bee balm) has a tradition for digestion, respiratory, and calming comfort; preclinical work shows antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Clinical evidence is insufficient; it is not a treatment for digestive disorders, cold, or any disease, and the pure essential oil is unsafe internally.

Evidence levels describe the state of research for the traditional use discussed here, not a recommendation. Historical use does not imply effectiveness.